Why Chhath Puja Is Celebrated: History, Origin and Significance

The Ancient Vedic Roots of Chhath Puja

Chhath Puja is widely considered one of the oldest Hindu festivals, originating from the Vedic period. Central to the celebration is the reverence of Surya, the Sun God, believed to be the prime source of life, energy, and healing. The rites mentioned in the Rigveda closely align with the traditions observed during Chhath Puja in modern times.

Mythological Origins: The Mahabharata Connection

There are two primary legends from the epic Mahabharata associated with Chhath:

• Karna's Devotion: Karna, the son of Surya and Kunti, was renowned for his daily practice of standing in a river to pray to the Sun God. Afterward, he would give alms to the poor. This custom is reflected in the Sandhya and Usha Arghya ceremonies.
• Draupadi's Fast: While the Pandavas were in exile, the sage Dhaumya visited them. He recommended that Draupadi and the Pandavas undertake the Chhath Puja to restore their lost kingdom and wealth. Their faithful observance of the ritual ultimately resulted in their triumph.

The Ramayana Connection

Another powerful legend ties Chhath to the RamayanaIt is said that after Lord Rama and Sita returned to Ayodhya following Ravana's defeat, they fasted and worshipped the Sun God during the month of Kartik. Blessed by Surya, Sita undertook the demanding rituals, establishing the tradition of women serving as the principal participants. Vratis (those who observe the fast).

Cultural and Scientific Significance

Beyond its mythological roots, Chhath Puja carries significant scientific and cultural importance. Devotees stand in river water at sunrise and sunset, absorbing solar energy while minimizing ultraviolet exposure, which supports physical healing and vitamin D synthesis. Culturally, the festival emphasizes absolute equality—without priests, offerings are presented in eco-friendly bamboo baskets and earthen stoves.